فصلنامه سخن جامعه
پیاپی 19 (زمستان 1397)

Gender Reassignment and its effects on society is one of the most controversial issues in the three fields of medicine, jurisprudence and law. Applicants for gender reassignment are often people who are physically or mentally neutral (transsexual). Transsexuals are people who suffer from some form of sexual identity “disorder” and their main characteristic is a constant feeling of inconvenience about their gender and a desire to lose their gender characteristics. These people never have any sexual “deviation” and nowadays can be treated with medical methods (speech therapy, hormone therapy and surgery). In this article, after analyzing the issue of gender reassignment, we have examined it in terms of the rules of Islamic jurisprudence in the field of legitimacy or illegitimacy and criminal law in four categories: “penalty” (hadd), “ritaliation”, “blood money” and “punishment” (ta’zir).

Human being has a movement towards eternity in which he must develop talents for his eternal life. The present article discusses the effect of imagination, which is one of the esoteric and perceptual powers of his soul, on the path of human life. This study, by means of library tools and using the verses of the Qur’an and the hadiths of the Infallible Imams and valuable words, discusses the subject of the article. In this study, first, different types of human powers and the importance and necessity of imagination and the definition of the meaning of imagination and purity and the meaning of purification of imagination are discussed, then the factors that affect the purity of imagination and the obstacles in the path of imagination purification are explained. And later, the criterion of purity of the power of imagination and the effects and results that are achieved from the purity of this power are discussed for those who are thinking and eager for the path to blossoming, so that they can use this power properly, to get enough benefit in their lives; Because each of the human powers, especially the power of imagination, have materials for their nutrition and growth, which as a result of healthy nutrition, these powers can have proper growth and lead man to human perfection in the process of life. It can also be called piety: piety in the power of imagination.

In Islam, social freedom is one of the most important issues, especially at a time when it has received more attention with the development of the media world, and this issue cannot be easily ignored and we cannot consider it as something not important because the issue is also considered to be the cause of the progress of countries. And beloved Islam has expressed all of the points for the matured and the audience, and in Islam human rights have been considered, valued and respected. So, because social freedom is important, considerable and remarkable, we will discuss it. The religion of Islam, which is a holy religion, has given importance to the rights of every person and has emphasized its observance, and Almighty God has said in the Holy Qur’an that the reason for creating human beings in different shapes is that people respect each other’s rights and be aware of their responsibilities and duties. Now it should be said that in general, social freedom is divided into several parts, including the freedom of religions and freedom of the media and freedom of school of thought and freedom of thought and freedom in speech and writing, etc., that if people and Islamic governments respect it regarding each other, In other words, observe its limits, then over time the prestige and dignity of the Muslim people increases, and the society moves away from chaos and also causes the rights of citizens not to be violated.

In today’s world, where people all over the world have experimented different schools for educating human beings and creating horizons and hopes for human life but reached emptiness and depravation, it is the best time to learn the basics of Islamic growth and education to guide people and train human beings. The Religion of Islam, which knows human being very well better than any other school, in other words, it is only Islam that knows man, can bestow him proper guidance. In this article, by presenting methods and solutions, we tried to eliminate one of the main obstacles for the growth and education of the child, and tried to reach the guidance and spiritual growth which is in the words of the Imams, peace be upon them, and to keep away children in this way from any bite created by the enemies of religion. In this article, by quoting narrations from Ahl al-Bayt (a.s) and explaining them and taking criteria from them, we have tried to simplify the traditions for the audience so that he can understand them and easily use them. It should be mentioned that this article has been compiled by library method. God willing, it will be useful for those who are interested in this field.

Throughout history, the death penalty has been one of the most severe punishments that various countries have foreseen in their criminal law. This punishment leads to the permanent removal of the offender from society so that not to witness his criminal behavior in society. As many criminal cases have evolved throughout history, so has the death penalty. Torture and removal of the offender have been the key element of this punishment. Gradually, however, with the advent of recent centuries with the introduction of new theories in the form of human rights by scientists and the emergence of philosophical movements, the execution of the death penalty met with strong opposition. Although the death penalty is accepted in Islam, but by examining how it is proved and the philosophy of its execution, it is understood that the execution of the punishment is the last step and the main principle is to prevent crime and proving the crime which is worth death penalty is difficult in Islam and in many times, it can not be proved. The implementation of punishment in Islamic countries may be suspended for a period of time, which is done in special circumstances by the implementation of secondary rulings, and that is when the Islamic society is under unbearable pressure from the so-called Western human rights or the maintenance of the Islamic country requires this under certain conditions. This article discusses the different views and arguments of opponents and proponents of the death penalty.

Inheritance is a legal event that takes place upon the actual death or hypothetical death of the legator, and the heir’s ownership of the deceased’s estate is not established except after the payment of the rights and debts owed to the deceased’s estate. Therefore, the acquisition of the heritage is not the effect of the will of the heir and the acquisition is not realized by his consent, but the acquisition of the inheritance is coercive and according to the religion and law and the will of heir has no interference in it and the entrance and beginning of this acquisition is the death of the legator . However, the legislator has given each heir the right to accept or reject the heritage. In this article, the method of dividing the inheritance from the perspective of Shiites is discussed and after that, the words and phrases of concepts and generalities of elements, different types of inheritance, history of inheritance, causes and conditions of inheritance, and barriers to inheritance are explained. Our purpose in this work is to collect information and famous points of view, for easy and convenient access of each people to the unknown questions. The author’s hypothesis is that the causes of inheritance, in  addition to lineage and cause, also include mastership (Welaa) and the deceased’s inheritance is transmitted from Master (Moala) to the person taken over (Moala Alaih) by the death of the master, Unless the debt belongs to the estate or one of the barriers to inheritance exists. And, in short, all the rights (Khyarat) of the deceased are transferred to the heir. In this research we used library method with descriptive-explanatory approach.